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                  <text>The controversial term shell-shock was initially coined by Charles Myers in 1915, cribbed from the lexicon of soldiers, but by 1922, the term which the War Office Committee references most often is war neurasthenia, or simply neurasthenia. In 1980, the American Psychological Association would add Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Like PTSD, shell-shock describes a traumatic event, but unlike shell-shock, PTSD references traumatic contexts beyond combat and war: the two terms are not equivalent, nor are their historical contexts contiguous. &#13;
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                <text>An article published by Sir John Collie in the Transactions of the Medico-Legal Society for the Year 1914, republished in The Times of London in 1914. </text>
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                <text>Collie J. Fraudulent and Neurasthenic Cases. Transactions of the Medico-Legal Society for the year of 1914;MLST-12(1):25-67. doi:10.1177/1051449X1401200103</text>
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                  <text>The controversial term shell-shock was initially coined by Charles Myers in 1915, cribbed from the lexicon of soldiers, but by 1922, the term which the War Office Committee references most often is war neurasthenia, or simply neurasthenia. In 1980, the American Psychological Association would add Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Like PTSD, shell-shock describes a traumatic event, but unlike shell-shock, PTSD references traumatic contexts beyond combat and war: the two terms are not equivalent, nor are their historical contexts contiguous. &#13;
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                <text>The controversial term shell-shock was initially coined by Charles S. Myers in this article from 1915, a term which he cribbed from the lexicon of soldiers. </text>
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                <text>Shell-shock did not exist as a documented category of disability until February 1915, when psychologist Charles Myers published a paper in The Lancet entitled “A Contribution To The Study of Shell Shock: Being An Account of Three Cases of Loss of Memory, Vision, Smell, and Taste.” During his work as a military doctor in France and as a specialist commissioned by the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), Myers observed and recorded the symptoms of patients who had diminished sensory functions and memories  (Myers 317-318). Myers tentatively associated these symptoms with the shock of falling shells, but was cautious to avoid assigning any definitive answer for these symptoms, though he surmised, “The close relation of these cases to those of ‘hysteria’ appears fairly certain” (320). Myers adopted the term ‘shell-shock” from the parlance of soldiers: his study brought the term into institutional use. </text>
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                  <text>The controversial term shell-shock was initially coined by Charles Myers in 1915, cribbed from the lexicon of soldiers, but by 1922, the term which the War Office Committee references most often is war neurasthenia, or simply neurasthenia. In 1980, the American Psychological Association would add Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Like PTSD, shell-shock describes a traumatic event, but unlike shell-shock, PTSD references traumatic contexts beyond combat and war: the two terms are not equivalent, nor are their historical contexts contiguous. &#13;
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                <text>In June of 1922, the War Officer Committee of Enquiry published their report on shell-shock and its treatment during the Great War.  In 1922, the term which the War Office Committee references most often is war neurasthenia, or simply neurasthenia. In 1980, the American Psychological Association would add Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Like PTSD, shell-shock describes a traumatic event, but unlike shell-shock, PTSD references traumatic contexts beyond combat and war: the two terms are not equivalent, nor are their historical contexts contiguous. The Report of the War Officer Committee is an apt example of the controversial nature of shell-shock: throughout its pages, the term is lambasted as an ineffectual means of describing the traumatic effects of war. While the purported purpose of the report is to describe subject of war neurasthenia and its proper diagnosis and treatment, it also responds to worry among the families of shell-shocked men, who brought forth complaints of military negligence in treating shell-shock cases. Its unstated primary purpose was to banish doubt in the government’s ability to address cases of trauma, on a public stage. </text>
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                  <text>The controversial term shell-shock was initially coined by Charles Myers in 1915, cribbed from the lexicon of soldiers, but by 1922, the term which the War Office Committee references most often is war neurasthenia, or simply neurasthenia. In 1980, the American Psychological Association would add Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Like PTSD, shell-shock describes a traumatic event, but unlike shell-shock, PTSD references traumatic contexts beyond combat and war: the two terms are not equivalent, nor are their historical contexts contiguous. &#13;
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                <text>In this speech, given in front of the Royal Society of Medicine, Rivers explains the process of being shell-shocked as repression, a means of obscuring mental content from memory and rendering memory inaccessible. However, when trauma was incompletely obscured or when repression takes place in circumstances which continue the process of traumatization, troubling symptoms indicated that the trauma remained. He recounts several case studies in which men suffered from incomplete repression of war memories: in one case, a young officer was haunted by nightmares of his friend, who he had seen on the field of battle, blown into pieces. In another, a man was seized with paralyzing dread and dissociation when he tried to think of France. Rivers cautions doctors to assess such cases in an individual manner, to avoid the clearing of soldiers as fit for service when they might still be experiencing traumatic responses. &#13;
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                <text>Rivers WHR. The Repression of War Experience. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1918;11(Sect_Psych):1-20. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/003591571801101501"&gt;doi:10.1177/003591571801101501&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>A speech, later published, based on W.H.R. Rivers' experiences treating men like Siegfried Sassoon at Craiglockhart Hospital. </text>
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